Transformation of New Student Admissions Policy from PPDB to SPMB: Rhetoric or Substantive Policy?
Abstract
This research explores the policy transformation of student admission from Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) to Seleksi Penerimaan Murid Baru (SPMB) through the lens of rhetoric or substance. It investigates whether this shift reflects genuine policy reform or merely rhetorical packaging. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach; the research collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of policy documents related to student admission practices. This study was conducted at two public junior high schools in the central area of Jambi City. The findings reveal that the transformation from the PPDB to SPM is not fully substantive; rather, it functions largely as a rhetorical response to public pressure. Nevertheless, the SPMB policy introduces several procedural adjustments, including greater flexibility in technical guidelines and modifications to the transfer pathway. These findings suggest the need for more comprehensive reforms to ensure that policy changes meaningfully improve equity and transparency in new student admission.
Downloads
References
Anderson, J. E. (2006). Public policymaking (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin.
Anam, K., & Rodiyah, I. (2024). Implementasi kebijakan sistem zonasi di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM), 5(1), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.29103/jspm.v5i1.15724
Ariani, A. T. (2021). The implementation of zoning system in suburban schools in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Education Policy, 7(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v7i2.30343
Aristotle. (2018). On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse (G. A. Kennedy, Trans.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published ca. 4th century BCE)
Azizah, N. U. (2025, March 7). Apa itu SPMB yang menjadi pengganti PPDB? Ini penjelasan singkatnya. Detik. https://www.detik.com/jogja/kota-pelajar/d-7758181
Ball, S. J. (2012). Global education Inc: New policy networks and the neoliberal imaginary. Routledge.
Bakar, K. A. A., Supriyati, Y., & Hanafi, I. (2020). Evaluation of the zonation system implementation of new student acceptance. Akademika: Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 9(2), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.34005/akademika.v9i02.837
Chaniago, S., Dewi, D. C., Hasanah, S., Yusanti, Y., Mansur, H., & Faqri, R. (2024). Dynamics and challenges of the zoning-based student admission: A study on student opportunities across regions. Indonesian Journal of Instructional Media and Model, 6(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.32585/ijimm.v6i2.6151
Dunn, W. N. (2018). Public policy analysis: An integrated approach (6th ed.). Routledge.
Dye, T. R. (2002). Understanding public policy (10th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Fischer, F., & Forester, J. (Eds.). (1993). The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning. Duke University Press.
Gottweis, H. (2006). Rhetoric in policy making: Between logos, ethos, and pathos. In F. Fischer, G. Miller, & M. Sidney (Eds.), Handbook of public policy analysis: Theory, politics, and methods (237–250). CRC Press.
Green, R. T., & Zinke, R. C. (1993). The rhetorical way of knowing and public administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 15(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979302500303
Hall, P. A. (1993). Policy paradigms, social learning, and the state: The case of economic policymaking in Britain. Comparative Politics, 25(3), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/422246
Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M. (2003). Studying public policy: Policy cycles and policy subsystems (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Iriany, I. S., Adnan, I. Z., & Rachmawati, Y. (2020). Implementasi kebijakan sistem zonasi penerimaan peserta didik baru di Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Pembangunan dan Kebijakan Publik, 11(2), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.36624/jpkp.v11i2.75
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang penerimaan peserta didik baru. Sekretariat Negara.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2025). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2025 tentang sistem penerimaan murid baru. Sekretariat Negara.
Lasswell, H. D. (1951). The policy orientation. In D. Lerner & H. D. Lasswell (Eds.), The policy sciences: Recent developments in scope and method (pp. 3–15). Stanford University Press.
Latief, S., & Samsuddin, S. (2022). Kebijakan pendidikan: Reformasi, komponen, dan isu. Bintang Semesta Media.
Majone, G. (1989). Evidence, argument, and persuasion in the policy process. Yale University Press.
Napitupulu, L. E. (2024, July 14). PPDB zonasi bermasalah akibat pemerintah abai sediakan sekolah. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/ori-ppdb-zonasi
Nurhayati. (2020). Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 14 Tahun 2018 tentang penerimaan peserta didik baru secara online untuk tingkat SMA dan SMK di Kota Medan [Master’s thesis, Universitas Medan Area]. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/jspui/handle/123456789/20798
Nurman, N., Kumalasari, E., Erlina, E., & Yuli, A. R. (2024). Dynamics the zonation policy system for upper secondary student admissions in Kampar District, Riau Province. CosmoGov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 10(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v10i1.51151
Oktafiana, A., Laksanti, F. Y., & Suluh, K. D. (2019). Implementasi kebijakan pemerintah tentang penerimaan peserta didik baru berdasarkan sistem zonasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.37058/jipp.v5i2.1410
Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Jambi. (2024, August 4). Ombudsman Jambi larang sekolah pungut uang seragam kepada peserta didik baru. https://ombudsman.go.id/artikel/r/pwksiaran--ombudsman-jambi-larang-sekolah-pungut-uang-seragam-kepada-peserta-didik-baru
Purwanti, D., Irawati, I., Adiwisastra, J., & Bekti, H. (2019). Implementasi kebijakan penerimaan peserta didik baru berdasarkan sistem zonasi di Kota Bandung. Jurnal Governansi, 5(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.30997/jgs.v5i1.1699
Putri, F. P., Budiarti, A. C., & Liestyasari, S. (2023). Konflik sosial dalam implementasi kebijakan sistem zonasi. Journal of Education Research, 4(4), 2426–2438. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i4.636
Russell, J., Greenhalgh, T., Byrne, E., & McDonnell, J. (2008). Recognizing rhetoric in health care policy analysis. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 13(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2007.006029
Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (1993). Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalition approach. Westview Press.
Saputra, R. A. V. W. (2024). Retorika: Teori dan teknis praktis seni berbicara di era digital. Wassalam Ilmu.
Stone, D. (2012). Policy paradox: The art of political decision making (3rd ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
Syamsudin, M., & Kuswanjono, A. (2014). Retorika. Universitas Terbuka.
Uluwiyah, S., Fauziah, A., & Fariha, N. (2024). Implementasi sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru. Karimah Tauhid, 3(8), 9318–9326. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i8.14543
Wahyuni, T., Roesminingsih, E., & Riyanto, Y. (2022). The implementation of zoning system policy in 10th state senior high school of Surabaya. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 3(2), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet.v3i2.108
Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Learning and Teaching
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
