University-Community Partnership of Work-Integrated Learning for Preservice Teachers as Support to Primary Rural Schools
Abstract
This qualitative paper reports on the work-integrated learning of preservice teachers in two primary rural schools implementing multigrade teaching as support to schoolteachers. The problem in this study is that it is not common for preservice teachers to do their work integrated learning in multigrade schools. The aim of this study is to use work-integrated learning of preservice teachers as support to teachers teaching in rural primary schools. The study is couched in critical emancipatory research as the theoretical framework to empower and engage participants in the research study. Participants in this study were ten purposefully selected preservice teachers from one university and four experienced teachers, two from one of two primary schools. Participatory action research with focus group discussions was used to generate data. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis by identification and reporting of patterns. The findings revealed that work-integrated learning of preservice teachers provides support to teachers in rural schools. The study suggests a continuous working relationship between rural schools and the teacher education institutions. The recommendation in this study is for teacher education institutions to support teachers in rural schools by sending preservice teachers to rural schools during work-integrated learning.
Downloads
References
Babbie, E. R. (2020). The practice of social research (15th ed.). Cengage.
Barends, Z., & Nel, C. (2017). Work-integrated learning within the reading literacy component of foundation phase teacher preparation programmes. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 7(1), 1–13. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-7e584664d
Bendien, E., Groot, B., & Abma, T. (2022). Circles of impacts within and beyond participatory action research with older people. Ageing & Society, 42(5), 1014–1034. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20001336
Bertram, C., & Rusznyak, L. (2015). Knowledge and judgement for assessing student teaching: A cross-institutional analysis of teaching practicum assessment instruments. Journal of Education, 60, 32–62. https://doi.org/10.17159/i60a02
Bhebhe, S. (2022). Mentoring pre-service teachers in situated learning: A case study of a Zimbabwean teacher training college. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 14(2), 550–558. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.2.0436
Bitso, C., & Fourie, I. (2014). Information-seeking behaviour of prospective geography teachers at the National University of Lesotho. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal, 19(3), Article 637. http://informationr.net/ir/
Buffel, T. (2018). Social research and co-production with older people: Developing age-friendly communities. Journal of Aging Studies, 44, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2018.01.012
Dan, Z., & Liu, X. (2021). From university to school—Experiences of teaching practice in three countries. International Education Studies, 14(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n8p1
De Beer, J., Petersen, N., & Van Vuuren, H. J. (Eds.). (2020). Becoming a teacher: Research on the work-integrated learning of student teachers (NWU Self-Directed Learning Series, Vol. 4). AOSIS.
Department of Basic Education. (2014). Curriculum and assessment policy statement. Author.
Department of Higher Education and Training. (2015). Minimum requirements for teacher education qualifications (MRTEQ). Author.
du Plessis, P., & Mestry, R. (2019). Teachers for rural schools – A challenge for South Africa. South African Journal of Education, 39(Suppl. 1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39ns1a1774
Dwesini, N. F. (2017). The role of work-integrated learning (WIL) in enhancing employability skills: Graduate perspectives. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(2), 1–9. http://www.ajhtl.com
Eldh, A. C., Årestedt, L., & Berterö, C. (2020). Quotations in qualitative studies: Reflections on constituents, custom and purpose. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920969268
Elliott, V. (2018). Thinking about the coding process in qualitative data analysis. The Qualitative Report, 23(11), 2850–2861. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3560
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Kalender, B., & Erdem, E. (2021). Challenges faced by classroom teachers in multigrade classrooms: A case study. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2021473490
Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2009). A comparative analysis of the models of teacher education in terms of teaching practices in the USA, England, and Turkey. Models of Teacher Education, 132(2), 172–183. https://go.gale.com
Kartal, A., & Demir, E. G. (2023). Multi-grade teaching: Experiences of teachers and preservice teachers in Turkey. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 13(2), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.1556/063.2022.00132
Lawson, R., Fallshaw, E., Papadopoulos, T., Taylor, T., & Zanko, M. (2011). Professional learning in the business curriculum. Asian Social Science, 7(4), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n4p61
Makoelle, T. M., & Malindi, M. J. (2014). Multi-grade teaching and inclusion: Selected cases in the Free State Province of South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2014.11890171
Makura, A., & Zireva, D. (2013). School heads and mentors in cahoots? Challenges to teaching practice in Zimbabwean teacher education programme. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 19(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2011.573583
Mallick, J. (2007). Parent drug education: A participatory action research study into effective communication about drugs between parents and unrelated young people. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 14(3), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687630601022416
Mgijima, M. N. (2014). Violence in South African schools: Perceptions of communities about a persistent problem. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(14), 198–202. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/3145
Mjobo, N. M., Cishe, E. N., & Omojemite, M. D. (2025). Impact of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on learner outcomes in Libode Sub-District, South Africa. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet.v6i1.508
Mkhize, T.-R., & Davids, N.-M. (2023). Título artículo. Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, 13(3), 295–312. https://doi.org/10.17583/remie.9311
Morales, M. P. E. (2016). Participatory Action Research (PAR) cum Action Research (AR) in teacher professional development: A literature review. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2(1), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-11-10-8
Naparan, G. B., & Alinsug, V. G. (2021). Classroom strategies of multigrade teachers. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100109
Ncube, N. C. (2013). Barriers to learner achievement in rural secondary schools in developing countries: The case of rural Zimbabwe. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 5(1), 1–5. https://www.scholarlinkinstitute.org
Ntuli, T. G. (2025). Parents', teachers', and learners' perceptions regarding the use of the isiNdebele-developed scientific language register to teach natural sciences. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet.v6i1.438
Ojo, T. A. (2019). Work-integrated learning practices: Lessons from private higher education institutions. Educor Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC-1b3458e3f3
Özlav, E., & Akıncı, M. (2024). The development of geometric concepts through sign language. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(4), 255–281. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202426927
Özmantar, Z., & Civelek, S. (2017). “Principal authorized teacher” practice from the perspectives of in- and pre-service primary teachers. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 13(1), 323–347. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.306016
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
Quail, A., & Smyth, E. (2014). Multigrade teaching and age composition of the class: The influence on academic and social outcomes among students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.06.004
Ramrathan, L., & Mzimela, J. (2016). Teaching reading in a multi-grade class: Teachers’ adaptive skills and teacher agency in teaching across Grade R and Grade 1. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 6(2), Article a448. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC195100
Reid, J. (2009). Conducting qualitative research with advanced cancer patients and their families: Ethical considerations. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 15(1), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2009.15.1.37950
Riera, F., Estrada, D., Guerrero, S. E., Pacheco, E., Guevara, S., & Arreaga, R. (2023). Enhancing teacher preparation: A case study on the impact of integrating real-world teaching experience in English higher education programs. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(6), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v12n6p197
Rusznyak, L., & Bertram, C. (2021). Conceptualising work-integrated learning to support pre-service teachers' pedagogic reasoning. Journal of Education (University of KwaZulu-Natal), (83), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i83a02
Shikalepo, E. E. (2020). Attributes underlying learner performance in rural schools: The perspectives of rural schoolteachers in Namibia. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 5(1), 24–31. https://www.multieducationjournal.com
Van der Merwe, D. (2022). Preparing pre-service teachers to guide and support learning in South African schools. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 12(1), Article a1163. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1163
Venville, A., Lynch, B., & Santhanam, E. (2018). A systematic approach to the evaluation of the student experience in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19(1), 13–21. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37478
Woelders, S., & Abma, T. (2019). Participatory action research to enhance the collective involvement of residents in elderly care: About power, dialogue and understanding. Action Research, 17(4), 528–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750319837330
Copyright (c) 2025 Studies in Learning and Teaching

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.










